The Ethics Of Scientific Knowledge - 3566 Words

Cortni Volkman 7/30/2015 Science surrounds just about every aspect of human interaction but where does this scientific knowledge come from? The communication of scientific knowledge trickles in a fashion opposite to that of the filtration of water through a carbon scrubber, where the highest concentration of pure scientific knowledge exists within the prestigious community of scientists and scientific knowledge within the academic and public communities has to be filtered from the other particles of ideas, leaving much room for interpretation. This paper will explore these different interactions among various communities and how it shapes communication of scientific knowledge. One such community is that of the very scientists who do the research and publications which supply much of the scientific knowledge we know today. However, research and publishing is heavily time consuming and expensive so many scientist must seek out funding. Bias, or a conflict of interest, can be argued to exist in all aspects of s cience depending on when and how results are obtained. It is without discourse than to argue that all research, even that done at collegiate level, has some amount of bias whether from the funding received, the council from professors or advisors, or the availability of more advanced technology to obtain data (Krimsky 2012). Such bias from technological means can even limit what scientists can publish. Often the military relies on scientists for their expertise inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Views on the Importance of Science1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent views on the importance of scientific concepts in comparison to other branches of knowledge. In order to determine if it is reasonable to believe that science is a supreme form of knowledge, firstly we must determine what knowledge is. Knowledge can be seen as the act of knowing or understanding gained through experience or study. Thus in order for something to be considered as knowledge it must be true to the person who has that knowledge based on the information availableRead MoreNursing as a Discipline1565 Words   |  7 Pageswith Philosophy, Science and Ethics Raymund Christopher R. dela Pena Saint Louis University The discipline of nursing is concerned with how nurses interact with people in relation to their health and within their total environment. Nursing at its core is caring for people within their health experience. The effective nurse is able to think critically, feel deeply, communicate clearly, interact meaningfully, assume responsibility, exhibit a thirst for knowledge and act morally. The disciplineRead MoreScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge971 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that science is all of these. But, what is science? According to the Science Council (http://www.sciencecouncil.org), â€Å"Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.† This website further states: Scientific methodology includes the following: †¢ Objective observation: Measurement and data (possibly although not necessarily using mathematics as a tool) †¢ Evidence †¢ Experiment and/orRead MoreDefinition Of A Neutral Question1633 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. In order to evaluate this statement, we must clearly understand what is a neutral question. A definition of a neutral question can be: A question asked in such a way that it does not imply personal opinion or bias. I assume that a true question has to be neutral. If a question reveals to be non-neutral, the objectivity that defines a question doesn’t exist anymore. It becomes a statementRead MoreEthics Of Science : The Ethical Dilemma Of The Films Frankenstein And Jurassic Park 1204 Words   |  5 PagesEthics of Science The central ethical dilemma of many of the films and stories we looked at this semester hinged on the question of whether or not man should employ his knowledge of genetics and science to engineer or revive a species that had become extinct, usually due to natural processes. As a science major myself, it was interesting to explore these themes and the scenarios presented in each individual piece of literature. Questionable ethics run rampant in stories such as Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinRead MoreThe Three Major Factors Fueling International Technological Growth1271 Words   |  6 Pagesissues which arise out of technology and scientific research Business ethics or lack of thereof, is a major CSR issue with technology and scientific research. Research responsibility implies that research is done ethically. According to Sarukkai (2009), scientists believe the activity of scientific research is self-regulated, and as such, ethics do not apply. The author contends that science is a discourse of facts regarding the universe, while ethics is about human values and there is no correlationRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology : Group Project Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Criminology: Group Project Name Institution Expert Witness An expert is a witness who has a knowledge or experience in a particular field that is beyond that of a layman. This knowledge and experience enable the particular expert witness to testify on regards to an issue that requires expertise to comprehend. To become an expert witness, a number of qualities must be possessed by the witness including, and not limited to, the number of years they have practiced their expertiseRead MoreEthics hinder scientific research. Do you agree?600 Words   |  3 PagesEthics hinder scientific research. Do you agree? Ever since the scientific revolution, there have been countless breakthroughs in the scientific field. From the invention of the light bulb to the computers we stare at daily, it is axiomatic that such things can only happen due to the advancement in science. However, a myriad of scientific researches today have received strong opposition due to the ethical concerns regarding the research. This essay will agree that ethics hinder scientific researchRead MoreCoe of Ethics1625 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethic Paper There are many healthcare organizations that follow their own mission with ethical values and company goals. The American Association for the Advancement of Science follows the mission statement of â€Å"advance science engineering, and innovations throughout the world for the benefit of all people.† (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015) By following company goals, this statement can be reinforced. What are the organization’s goals and how are they tiedRead MoreNatural Sciences and Ethics1145 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone needs to consider when assembling experiment or a painting is ethics. Ethics would be a key on how should people act in certain situations and what behaviors are considered to be moral. Areas, natural sciences and arts provide knowledge which could be interpreted as transference of what we encounter and perceive throughout our lives. When it comes to the production of knowledge in natural science and arts, few knowledge issues are raised. To what extent does morality prevent us from doing

The Reformation Essay - 2676 Words

The Reformation Religion played a very crucial part in education both in the conduct of the institutions and in the curriculum. Bible reading and prayer remained a major part of school well into the national period, when control of education was drifting away from sectarian authorities. A debate was brought to local school boards by modern American delegate authorities, so the government allowed private individuals and residues groups to establish schools of their own. This happened because the government failed to support schools with tax revenues. Because of the governments failure numerous religious sects demanded the freedom to educate their children in their own way. The desire for greater†¦show more content†¦The council of Pisa, in order to end the embarrassment of having two contending popes claiming to be sole head of the Catholic Church, deposed the two contenders, Gregory XIII, and Benedict XIII. The cardinals of both popes who elected a new pope, Alexander V, undertook this reform. When the two popes refused to step down, there were then three popes contending. Wycliffs teachings reached Bohemia after his death and were picked up by John Huss, at the university of Prague, in early 1400s. Huss translated Wycliffs work in to Czech and gave life to the reform ideals to the people. This stirred fear in the hearts of church officialdom. IN 1414 Huss was called to the Council of Constance to explain himself. Instead he was arrested by the Council and burned at the stake in 1415 sparking revolt in Bohemia. Attempts to put down what had become a popular national revolt failed; finally a compromise was reached with the Hussites. The council initially made progress toward reconciliation with the Hussites; it defied a papal order to move Bologna, claiming superior authority to that of the pope. Subsequently efforts to reform of the ecclesiastical hierarchy caused it to overstep its true power and Eugenius used this to his own advantage. Also, the pressing problems of the Turks, and the need for closer relations with the Eastern church, pro vided the occasion forShow MoreRelatedThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Why the Protestant Reformation is considered a significant development in the Christian Church. The Protestant Reformation was an event which occurred within the Catholic Church during the 16th century. This Reformation was prompted by Martin Luther’s ‘95 theses’ which were a list of 95 criticisms towards the church. The Reformation formed another branch of Christianity called Protestantism which is comprised of many different Christian denominations including AnglicanRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreThe Renaiss ance And Reformation And The Reformation1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance and Reformation – two of Europe’s largest movements – grappled many of the same issues. Both these movements addressed the question of human fate and tried to make changes to entities and institutions in society. These broad similarities allow some to believe that the Renaissance and Reformation had a relationship in which the former caused the latter. However, while both the Renaissance and Reformation deal with questions of human fate and are movements of change, the answers theyRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was a pivotal time of European history that occurred during the 16th century. The Protestant Reformation was comprised of people called â€Å"reformers† that challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice (â€Å"The Reformationâ⠂¬ ). The Protestant Reformation was revolutionary due to the fact that the reformers preached against everything the Catholic Church had been teaching. Some famous reformers are John Calvin and Martin LutherRead MoreThe Reformation Of The Protestant Reformation798 Words   |  4 Pagesway to heaven sounds nice does it not? During the time period of the Protestant Reformation you were able to do just that. When most people think of the Protestant Reformation it is often associated with a time of crisis for the Catholic Church. This specific time period challenges and characterizes the new direction that would be taken in Western Europe. A specific moment in the beginning of the Protestant Reformation would soon lead to the development of early modern Europe, that moment was theRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation971 Words   |  4 PagesCatholic Church: the English Reformation. The English Reformation wasn’t the only movement that led to the separation from the Catholic Church, though. The Protestant Reformation, starting only ten years before the English Reformation did, first recognized the corruption of the Catholic Church. The English Reformation noticed the corruptions of the Catholic Church, but was more focused on creating new political and religious authority. Both of these reformations relate to one another greatlyRead MoreProtestant Reformation And The Reformation1727 Words   |  7 PagesHI 101 Essay 3 Zhenli Xu Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation is admittedly one of the most important schisms in the history of Christianity. It started with Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Catholic Church in Germany in 1517, and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Reformation was a religious movement triggered by the rise of humanism during the Renaissance and the general corruption of the Roman Catholic Church that eventually led to theRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation1619 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter when multiple wars are started because of a disagreement in how to worship. The Protestant Reformation was a widespread epidemic that started with Martin Luther noticing severe problems in the way the Roman Catholic Church was running, and that there were simple and more holy methods and worshipping God, leading to the creation of Lutheranism. There was an uproar in Germany over this new reformation, and it caught the attention of John Calvin who then strov e to create Calvinism with the idea thatRead MoreThe Reformation And The Protestant Reformation876 Words   |  4 Pages The 16th century reformation is also known as the Protestant reformation. There are a various number of causes for the Protestant reformation. The causes of the reformation will be analyzed from two different perspectives: Germany s causes and Europe s causes. The results of reformation will be examined. Major contributors such as Martin Luther and John Calvin s perspectives and contributions will also be analyzed and the impact they had during their time period.  People in Europe during theRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1978 Words   |  8 Pagestime Christianity began to the time of the Protestant Reformation, for about a millennium and a half, there was only one sect of Christianity: Catholicism. After the Protestant Reformation, however, different Christian denominations sprang up in many parts of Europe. The Protestant Reformation’s beginning is most commonly associated with Martin Luther’s beliefs and his protest of the wrongdoings of the Catholic Church. Before the Reformation, the Catholic Church was more interested in raising funds

Fallacies- Hulu Commercial free essay sample

Fallacies are defects that have the power to weaken an argument. Fallacious arguments are much more common than we may think, and they tend be persuasive to the casual listener or reader. Politicians, celebrities, and advertisement commercials constantly make use of them. As an example of a fallacy, I’m going to use the Hollywood celebrity Alec Baldwin in the commercial for Hulu. Alec Baldwin is known for his success in the movie industry. His career began on television in an NBC soap opera called â€Å"The Doctors† throughout the years 1980-1982 (â€Å"Alec Baldwin† 1). He is currently one of the most well known actors in Hollywood. During the last Super Bowl, he stared in a commercial for Hulu; a website that offers streaming for free movies, TV shows, NBC shows, and so on. The fallacy â€Å"False Authority† is used throughout this commercial. First, when Alec Baldwin begins the commercial stating that he’s not only a TV star, but he also knows about TV services (â€Å"Hulu’s Super Bowl Commercial†). We will write a custom essay sample on Fallacies- Hulu Commercial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He manipulates the audience by making them think that what he is saying is accurate, and that we should purchase the product because of it. Second, he distracts the audience from the real issue by using statements like: â€Å"We’re aliens, and that’s how we roll. † He proceeds to talk about Hulu as if he were the one who invented and created it when he didn’t come close to earning a Computer-Science degree in college. The commercial’s purpose is to make profit. By using a well-known celebrity, they increase their sales and promotion. This commercial is only one example of the many celebrities who use fallacies as a method to sell products to consumers. It is known to be a useful and successful technique when it comes to selling products. That is why it’s still used in many of the commercials that we watch on our TV screens every day. The false authority fallacy is only one of the many who are used by celebrities, politicians and so on. Understanding and recognizing a fallacy is what’s going to determine whether we fall for an advertisement commercial or a politician speech in the future.

The Outsider Essays - Absurdist Fiction, The Stranger, Walter Mitty

The Outsider The opening lines of the novel, The Outsider by Albert Camus, set the tone for the book: Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I don't know (pg. 9), it is a dreary and depressing sentence, so are the thoughts of a character by the name of Meursault. However, the circumstances that took place, plunged him into a spiral of events. Strangely, his thoughts stayed the same, yet his life changed dramatically. Conversely, the story The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber, is seemingly contrary to the novel The Outsider. In the beginning of the story, Lieutenant Burg was saying to the Commander, We can't make it, sir. It's spoiling for a hurricane? The Commander's brave reply was, e're going through! (pg. 73) The story promised excitement, fast pace and interesting events full of heroism. There was one small detail; it was a daydream of Walter Mitty whose life was lonely and discouraging. It was his way of dealing with the reality of his miserable life. Even though these stories do not seem to be comparable, by examining them a little closer, is revealed that the characters have many things in common. Meursault and Mitty were trying to escape the realties of their lives; yet, they came face to face with them because of the decisions they made throughout their lives, which led them to their ultimate destruction. Both characters wanted to shy away from society. They disassociated themselves from everybody and interacted with others only when they needed something. Meursault was a peculiar man who kept to himself. He never sought people, they always came to him. They were there for his pleasure and amusement, only if it was suitable to him. How Meursault felt, and the way he treated people, is clearly illustrated in his relationship with Marie, who was his sexual object. When he did not have any more need for her services, ?There was nothing left to keep us together or to remind us of each other. Anyway, from that point on, Marie's memory would have meant nothing to me. I wasn't interested in her any more if she was dead. I found it quite normal? (pg. 110). Sometimes, being around people annoyed him, because he could not understand their way of thinking. He showed apathy towards his surroundings and the world around him. He wandered through life with no emotions. Mitty, on the other hand, esca ped from his hopeless situation, his nagging wife, into a fantastic imaginary world he invented. He put all his energy, hopes and fears into his dreams. He ran from his problems instead of facing them and invented this, almost comical, private world so he could escape the real one. In one of his fantasies, Dr. Mitty saved the life of a very important man. During the operation, two renowned specialists could not save the man, so they turned to Dr. Mitty for help. If you wish, he said phlegmatically (pg. 75). In every dream, Mitty was a hero, yet in reality he was a coward. He never challenged his wife, or defended himself. Meursault and Mitty were desperately trying to keep their singularity: Meursault by keeping a simple and unemotional life, Mitty by escaping into his private world of heroic dreams. As hard as Meursault and Mitty tried to run away from the reality of life, it was inevitable to come face to face with the one thing they desperately tried to escape. Meursault's beginning of the end came when he killed the Arab on the beach. He was put in jail and was charged with premeditated murder. He could not escape the society any more. At one time, the priest came to Meursault to tell him how he should behave in society. Meursault did not want to compromise his way of thinking just to make society happy. The harder the priest tried, the more annoyed Meursault became. Then, for some reason, something exploded inside me (Pg. 115). He started to shout at the priest and grabbed him by the collar of his cassock. The guards had to pull the priest out from the cell, and after that incident Meursault felt calm and a wondrous peace?flooded into me (pg. 116). Likewise,